Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - permitted and prohibited foods, menu

An urgent problem of a modern person is allergy. This is a kind of response of the body to the action of special substances called allergens. A person encounters them when breathing, while eating or in contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of its treatment and prevention is a diet with a hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for allergy sufferers, but also for nursing mothers, who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

What is a hypoallergenic diet

In medicine, allergy is a condition in which there is an increased sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body perceives harmless substances as antigens. Even with minimal contact of a person with an allergen, a large amount of IgE is produced. The mechanism of the formation of an allergic reaction:

1. Immunoglobulin IgE, after the first contact with the allergen, detects it and combines with mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is a complex. It consists of an allergen, IgE, and a mast cell or basophil.
3. The complex with basophils with the bloodstream penetrates into different organs: skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and with mast cells it remains motionless.
4. After re-entering the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are necessary to combat the irritant.

Histamine with serotonin and cause allergic reactions: smooth muscle spasm and expansion of capillaries, which leads to thickening of the blood and edema. Since allergies are often caused by food, diet must be included in the treatment regimen, in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to medications that are used in raising birds and animals (antibiotics, salicylates). The diet is based on the following principles:

• exclusion of products that include cross and causal allergens;
• eating only fresh products;
• rejection of histaminoliberators - products that cause the gastrointestinal tract to secrete histamine from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• restriction in the diet of animal proteins;
• exclusion of preserves and products with dyes, preservatives and flavorings;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried, spicy and salty foods, alcohol;
• rejection of histamine carriers - foods with a high level of histamines in the composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

For allergy sufferers, there is a special diet - table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the therapeutic diet No. 5, which is prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of table number 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is enough for the permanent disappearance of the manifestations of allergies. In the future, the diet is built taking into account the following principles:

• When symptoms begin to diminish, you can switch from antiallergenic foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually expand your diet with foods with moderate allergenic activity.
• First, boiled low-fat white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree, compotes are introduced.
• Throughout the diet, foods are boiled or steamed. Frying and baking will increase the allergen content.
• Nutrition should be complete in terms of protein, fat and slow carbohydrates.
• Each new diet product is introduced no more often than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction to it, you can leave it in the menu.
• The optimal nutritional option is fractional, in which the number of meals per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products containing easily digestible carbohydrates are completely prohibited: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not identified, then all causally significant allergens must be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, melon, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, fermented milk products.
• All dishes containing an allergen product are excluded from the diet menu. For example, if a reaction manifests itself in eggs, then you need to give up creams, mayonnaise, casseroles, rich flour products.

Indications

Dieting isn't just effective for food allergies. A special diet helps to reduce the influence of allergens and other groups (medicinal, fungal, pollen, household). On a diet, a person reduces the risk of increased clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke's edema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• hives;
• pathologies of the digestive tract, in which the process of assimilation of nutrients is disrupted;
• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hay fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first courses, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. He must be weak, i. e. after 1-2 boils, the water is drained. It is allowed to add various garden herbs. From cereals it is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat. Potatoes are allowed as a side dish in the form of mashed potatoes, but only cooked in water. From fermented milk products, you can use low-fat fresh cottage cheese, yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fats, you need to introduce sunflower or olive oil into the diet. Pasta should only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

Name	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 g, g	Carbohydrates per 100 g, g	Proteins per 100 g, g
Vegetables, herbs
Eggplant	24	0. 1	4. 5	1, 2
Zucchini	24	0. 3	4. 6	0. 6
Cucumbers	15	0. 1	2. 8	0. 8
Cabbage	27	0. 1	0. 1	1. 8
Squash	19	0. 1	4. 3	0. 6
Broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	3. 0
Celery	12	0. 1	2. 1	0. 9
Lentils	284	1. 5	42. 7	24. 0
Garlic	143	0. 5	29. 9	6. 5
Asparagus	twenty	0. 1	3. 1	1. 9
Onion	41	0. 0	10. 4	1. 4
Beans	123	0. 5	21. 5	7. 8
Cereals
Oatmeal	342	6. 1	59. 5	12. 3
Buckwheat	313	3. 3	62. 1	12. 6
Wheat bran	296	3. 8	53. 6	15. 1
Semolina	328	1. 0	73. 3	10. 3
Cereals	366	7. 2	69. 3	11. 9
Fruits
Peaches	46	0. 1	11. 3	0. 9
Nectarines	48	0. 2	11. 8	0. 9
Apples	47	0, 4	9. 8	0, 4
Pears	42	0. 2	10. 9	0, 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0. 1	3. 8	3. 0
Kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2. 8
Curd 0. 6%	88	0. 6	1. 8	18. 0
Meat
Boiled chicken	170	7. 4	0. 0	25. 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1. 0	0. 0	25. 0
Boiled beef	254	16. 8	0. 0	25. 8
Beef stew	232	18. 3	0. 0	16. 8
A fish
Flounder	90	3. 0	0. 0	15. 7
Halibut	103	3. 0	0. 0	18. 9
Cod	69	0. 6	0. 0	16. 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0. 0	0. 8
Beverages
Rosehip juice	70	0. 0	17. 6	0. 1

Prohibited foods

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broths. It is also necessary to refuse from a hypoallergenic diet from fatty varieties of red meat, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk, and most types of sausages. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, mussels, shrimp). The same applies to all salty foods, pickles, canned food. The ban also includes:

• Red currant;
• lemons, mangoes, grapes, grapefruit, pomegranate, bananas, oranges, tangerines;
• nuts, raisins;
• carrots, salad peppers, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• jam, sweets, ice cream, cakes;
• condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• lamb, smoked chicken, sausages, sausages, pork fat;
• semi-finished fish and canned food, mackerel, sardine, caviar;
• butter margarine, coconut and palm oils;
• white dessert and dry wines, vodka, cognac, beer, liqueur;
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• cranberry.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help alleviate allergies when eating a hypoallergenic diet. In it, you can record the foods or meals used for the diet and the reaction to them. Due to this, it will be possible to accurately identify allergens and exclude them from your menu. Additionally, a diary makes it easier to keep track of how varied your diet is. This is important because scientists have found that with the same menu, the likelihood of developing allergies is higher. In the diary, you can prescribe several options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then only buy the necessary ingredients.

For kids

A hypoallergenic menu for a child is built according to the same principles as for adults. There is only one important difference - with long-term adherence to such a diet, there is a high risk of deficiency of proteins, carbohydrates and micronutrients. This leads to a delay in physical development. Table number 5 is used depending on the state of health for 7-10 days only for the start. Then the doctor selects individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu options:

Diet menu option	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Viscous buckwheat porridge, cheese, apple, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed meat cutlet with stewed vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with stewed potatoes, tea.
2	Oat flakes in water, dry crackers.	Lean beef soup without carrots, corn salad, Chinese cabbage and cucumber salad.	Steam beef dumplings with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean veal, berry jelly.	Chicken stew with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7-10 days, then adults can follow it longer - up to 2-3 weeks. The menu in both cases has practically no differences, since the same list of anti-allergic products is used for its construction. Diet options for the day for adults:

Menu Option	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Buckwheat mashed porridge, green tea with croutons, baked apple.	Steam chicken cutlets, vegetable soup, rosehip broth.	Vinaigrette, tea with dietary cookies.
2	Semolina porridge on water, low-fat fresh cottage cheese, apple juice with biscuit.	Meat cutlets, vegetable soup with wheat grits, tea with biscuit biscuits.	Pea puree, meatballs.
3	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir.	Veal cutlets, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed cutlets, rosehip broth.

Hypoallergenic recipes

The basic principle for choosing recipes is that ready-made meals should have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. Steaming or boiling is considered gentle on the stomach. Such preparation methods help to reduce the allergenic activity of the ingredients used. Fruits and vegetables are also best eaten not raw, but stewed or baked.

First

Mainly soups are included in the list of the first hypoallergenic dishes. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to pre-soak it in cold water. It takes a couple of hours to reduce the amount of starch in a vegetable. The soup stock should be the second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid is drained 1-2 times. So the fat content of the finished soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with wheat grits

The peculiarity of this soup lies in a special ingredient - celery. Dishes with it are often found in different diets, including hypoallergenic ones. Celery tastes like carrots with parsley. Its leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery are manifested not only for allergies, but also for weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe, it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little spice to the dish.

Ingredients:

• onions - 0. 5-1 pcs. ;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat groats (bulgur) - 50 g;
• celery - 1 small root;
• water - 1. 5-1. 6 l;
• potato tubers - 3 pcs. ;
• dill or other greens - 1 branch;
• clove of garlic - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Boil water, dip the bulgur into it.
2. Next, cut the peeled potatoes and add to the broth.
3. Peel the onion, chop finely, add to the rest of the ingredients.
4. Rinse celery, dip in broth.
5. After boiling again, reduce heat.
6. Simmer for 15-20 minutes under the lid.
7. Take out some of the potatoes, mash and return.
8. Rinse cabbage leaves, dry, chop and put in almost ready-made soup.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and discard the celery.
10. Finely chop the greens and cloves of garlic, season the soup with them.

Potato soup with noodles

This dish requires a minimum amount of food. The soup is suitable for both adults and children. Onions in the broth are practically not felt, since they are boiled. Due to the fact that the vegetable is placed at the very beginning of cooking, the meat turns out to be very tasty. It is allowed to replace the chicken with lean beef, but this will make the soup a little fatter, and it will take 30-60 minutes longer to cook it.

Ingredients:

• small onion - 1 pc. ;
• greens - to your taste;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• premium vermicelli - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4-5 pcs. ;
• water - 4 l.

Cooking method:

1. Pour well washed meat with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour in the same amount of water again, boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this time, peel the onion, finely chop, add to the broth.
5. Reduce heat to low, cook for 30-40 minutes until the meat is ready, then take it out, cut into pieces and send it back.
6. Cook vermicelli separately in slightly salted water. This is necessary to prevent the broth from becoming cloudy due to sediment.
7. Peel, rinse, and chop the potatoes. Dip the slices into the broth, cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

Second

The main dishes are also vegetables or meat. Cutlets, dumplings, meatballs and meatballs are mostly steamed. Meat can be mashed, goulash and even beef stroganoff or soufflé. In the recipe for the last dish, minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, yolk and whipped whites. Soufflé is already suitable for the stage when you begin to gradually introduce foods with a moderate degree of allergenicity. Vegetables can be served as a side dish for meat, but they are only stewed, boiled or baked, since frying increases the allergy of ingredients.

Cabbage and zucchini puree soup

The advantage of puree soup is a homogeneous soft consistency, due to which the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. In such recipes, not only meat is used, but also vegetables. An unusual combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pcs. ;
• onion head - 1 pc. ;
• celery - 5-7 stalks;
• parsley - 1-2 branches;
• water or weak vegetable broth - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage;
• low fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide the cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini, then rinse the vegetables, including celery.
2. Chop the onion head into cubes. Repeat the same with zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Place all vegetables on the bottom of a saucepan and cover with water. Boil, simmer until the ingredients are soft.
4. Then cool, transfer to a blender bowl, beat until smooth.
5. Pour the mass back into the saucepan, add sour cream, simmer over low heat for a couple of minutes.
6. When serving, sprinkle with chopped herbs.

Steam dumplings

Kneels are understood as one of the types of dumplings - small balls prepared on the basis of minced meat from fish, poultry or other meat. The difference between the dumpling mass and the cutlet mass is that it is more fluffy and tender. For this reason, dumplings are more suitable for children's and dietary hypoallergenic diets. Another feature of such a dish is steaming, due to which the meat retains more vitamins. In addition, steam quenches are easier for the stomach to digest.

Ingredients:

• low-fat milk - 2 tbsp. ;
• egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
• beef pulp - 800 g;
• wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half of the entire portion of milk, leave for half an hour.
2. At this time, mince the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze the bread, add to the minced meat, grind everything through a sieve.
4. Mix the resulting mass thoroughly, add the egg whites.
5. Pour in the remaining milk.
6. Shape the minced meat into medium balls and place in a steaming dish. Cook for 15 minutes.

Dessert

Although sweets are prohibited with a hypoallergenic diet, you can still diversify your menu with goodies. You just need to cook them properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are based on fruits, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that fermented milk products are not sour. An ordinary pear, cut into pieces or ground to a puree state, will add sweetness to them. Cottage cheese is the best base for a casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of permitted fruits. Baked apples are a popular dessert of the latter. They are even combined with cottage cheese - it turns out tasty and healthy.

Cottage cheese casserole

Since eggs belong to the category of products with a high degree of allergenic activity, it is not recommended to use them with a hypoallergenic diet, especially for children. The casserole can be prepared without these ingredients. Flour is also easy to replace with semolina, which will provide the dish with a dense consistency. To add a sweet taste, it is allowed to add any hypoallergenic fruits to the curd. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, i. e. after 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• pear - 3 pcs. ;
• low-fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• sugar - 1 tsp;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. l . ;
• kefir or yogurt without any additives - 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl, where to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add cereals, sugar. Stir again.
3. Wash pears, peel, finely chop.
4. Add fruit to the curd mass, stir, transfer to a greased baking dish.
5. Send to the oven for half an hour. The optimum temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

This is the most popular dietary and at the same time hypoallergenic dessert. Since allergy sufferers are not advised to eat fresh fruits, they can be baked. It will turn out not only tasty, but also good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are baked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so the delicacy is prepared very quickly and easily. To make the dessert even more useful, you can stuff the fruits with cottage cheese. Do not just use recipes where honey must be added inside the apple.

Ingredients:

• apple - 3 pcs. ;
• sour cream with a low percentage of fat - 2 tbsp. l . ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Rinse the apples, cut out the core, but so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a kind of cup is formed.
2. Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Place fruit on a baking sheet, send to bake for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.